Perspectives on Post-Harvest and Storage Technologies for Legume Crops: A Review

Legume crops are among the most important sources of plant-based protein, dietary fiber and micronutrients worldwide. However, post-harvest deterioration caused by moisture, pest infestation, microbial contamination and inadequate storage remains a major challenge, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. This review presents a comprehensive synthesis of current and emerging post-harvest and storage technologies designed to preserve the quality and extend the shelf life of these crops. Traditional practices are evaluated alongside advanced systems, including hermetic storage, modified and controlled atmosphere storage (MA/CA), improved drying techniques and cold storage. Hermetic storage technologies such as triple-layer PICS bags and airtight silos have proven highly effective in reducing insect and fungal damage, while MA/CA storage suppresses respiration and pest activity through altered gas composition. Improved drying systems, especially hybrid solar-biomass and mechanical dryers, enhance moisture control and reduce contamination risks, whereas cold storage maintains seed viability and nutritional quality under controlled temperatures. The review further explores innovative technologies such as ozone treatment, cold plasma, irradiation and nanotechnology-based smart packaging, which offer chemical-free, sustainable alternatives for legume preservation. Biological and botanical pest control methods and integrated post-harvest systems are highlighted as eco-friendly strategies for reducing reliance on synthetic pesticides. Future perspectives emphasize the importance of policy and institutional support, research innovation and the integration of digital technologies (IoT, AI and biosensors) for real-time monitoring and decision-making. Addressing challenges related to cost, accessibility, and technical capacity—particularly in developing countries—remains critical for large-scale adoption. Overall, the review underscores that sustainable post-harvest management of legumes requires a multidimensional approach that combines technological advancement, environmental stewardship and inclusive policy frameworks to enhance global food security and resilience.