Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of in Vitro-Fertilization Among Married Men in Abia State, Nigeria

Background: Male partners play a critical role in decisions about assisted reproductive technologies, yet their knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions can shape access to and acceptance of in vitro fertilization (IVF). This study assessed the level of knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of IVF among married men in Abia State, Nigeria.
Research Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 423 married men selected through a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographics, knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and practices related to IVF. Knowledge was scored and categorized, while attitude and perception items were analyzed using frequencies and mean scores. Pearson’s correlation and chi-square tests examined relationships and associations at a significance level of p < 0.05. Analysis was performed with SPSS version 25.0. Results: Most respondents had heard of IVF (80.9%), and 46.8% demonstrated good to very good overall knowledge. Positive attitudes were common: 67.6% agreed IVF is an acceptable method of having children, and 73.8% were willing to encourage their wives to use IVF. Perceptions were mixed, with many viewing IVF children as normal and healthy (69.5%) and believing IVF gives hope to infertile couples (83.7%), but a large proportion considered IVF too expensive (78.2%) and not easily accessible in Aba (40.2%). Knowledge showed moderate positive correlations with attitude (r = 0.463, p < 0.001) and perception (r = 0.418, p < 0.001), while attitude and perception were strongly correlated (r = 0.512, p < 0.001). Education was significantly associated with knowledge level (χ² = 32.74, p < 0.001), and income with having considered IVF (χ² = 21.86, p < 0.001). Cost, lack of information, and fear of failure were the leading barriers. Most respondents (84.2%) were willing to attend IVF awareness programs. Conclusion: Married men in Abia State show moderate to good knowledge and generally positive attitudes toward IVF, but important gaps remain in perceptions of cost and accessibility. Education and income strongly influence acceptance and consideration of IVF. Targeted community-based education, improved affordability, and wider access to services could enhance informed decision-making and support for IVF among married men in Southeast Nigeria.