Green synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles using plant extracts: A comprehensive review of synthesis, characterization, and applications

Cobalt nanoparticles (CoONPs) have start out being a popular research subject. Previously manufactured using traditional physical and chemical techniques, these nanoparticles frequently involve harmful chemicals, high energy consumption, and environmental hazards. For this reason, worldwide efforts promote sustainable and environmentally conscious production processes. In this situation, green part extracts gotten from plant are gaining appeal as a sensible alternative. This technique is popular since it has many benefits: free, biocompatible, easy to scale up, and most importantly it eliminates the necessity of extra stabilizer during nanoparticulation. Phenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, and tannins phytocompounds abundant naturally are crucial ingredients. The secret rests in their natural constitution. These two-in-large-dose phytochemicals reducing agent and sealing agent are effective in converting cobalt precursors into stable and practical nanoparticles. Utilizing extracts from various plant components roots, bark, and leaves, this thorough study addresses recent developments and findings in the synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles. Furthermore, researching their traits is vital for studying nanoparticles including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), SEM, FTIR, EDS, UV-Vis spectroscopy etc. with great equipment for establishing their form, size, and architecture. We also highlight the great advantages of cobalt nanoparticles created from cobalt green in several applications. By investigating their part in antimicrobial activity, chemical sensitivity, water pollution treatment, and photocatalytic environmental cleanup, this study hopes to provide a vivid picture