Artificial intelligence (AI) and computational biology are revolutionizing the life sciences by enabling the analysis of complex biological data, accelerating drug discovery, and enhancing personalized medicine. Machine learning, deep learning, and bioinformatics tools have empowered researchers to interpret genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic datasets at an unprecedented scale. These technologies are also transforming fields such as structural biology, systems biology, and clinical diagnostics. This article reviews the integration of AI and computational approaches in modern life science research, explores their applications in genomics, drug discovery, and precision medicine, and highlights ethical and regulatory challenges. The future of life sciences is increasingly dependent on the synergy between biology and computational intelligence.